|
1
|
|
|
2
|
- The American psychologist Abraham Maslow first developed the humanis=
tic
approach in the 1950s
- He viewed it as a ‘third way’ in psychology, rejecting b=
oth
the psychoanalytical approach and the then-dominant behaviourist sch=
ool
- The humanistic approach differs to other approaches in that it focus=
es
on healthy human beings, as opposed to our problems!
|
|
3
|
- Maslow developed a seven stage hierarchy
- According to Maslow, we start at the bottom (physiological needs) and
work through each stage in turn
- We cannot progress upwards until our needs have been met
|
|
4
|
- The upper layers (learning, aesthetic and self-actualisation) are
grouped together as ‘growth needs’ and sometimes shown as
one layer
- The lower layers (physiological to esteem) are essential to our heal=
th
and are described as ‘deficiency needs’
|
|
5
|
- Maslow initially focused on a small number of individuals who he
believed had achieved ‘self actualisation’
- However, he later revised that theory and argued that we could all
achieve these peaks – albeit temporarily
|
|
6
|
- Look at Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and consider your own
circumstances
- Are your needs met at each stage? How? If they are not, what prevents
you meeting these needs?
- Do you consider yourself to have ‘self actualised’? Can =
you
identify peaks in your lifetime when you have ‘self
actualised’?
|
|
7
|
- Carl Rogers used the humanistic approach to develop client-centred
counselling
- This psychotherapeutic technique focuses on empowering and enabling =
the
individual to take control and make decisions about their own lives<=
/li>
- Humanistic psychology is also influential in careers guidance and
organisational psychology
|
|
8
|
- Humanistic counsellors focus on the individual’s sense of self=
and
self esteem
- Counselling techniques are designed to enable the individual to maxi=
mise
their potential
- Think about your own skills and abilities. Do you feel you use them =
to
the full at present? What type of job do you feel you would be suited
to, and why?
|
|
9
|
- Like the psychoanalytical approach, the humanistic approach tends to
focus on individuals, and has been criticised for a lack of empirical
evidence
- Maslow’s hierarchy has been criticised as being too prescripti=
ve
– do we always have to fulfill our needs in that order?
- Can you think of famous people who have ‘self actualised’
without fulfilling other needs?
|
![](3D"master05_image001.gif")
![](3D"master05_image002.gif")
![](3D"master04_image003.gif")
![](3D"master04_image004.gif")
![](3D"slide0003_image005.jpg")
![](3D"slide0005_image007.jpg")
![](3D"notes_flag.gif")
No=
tes![](3D"buttons.gif")
![](3D"slide0005_image006.gif"){kind=link}